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                  Class 10 Science Half-Yearly Exam Model Paper

Duration: 3 Hours

Instructions:

All questions are compulsory.
The question paper comprises two sections: A and B.
Section A consists of multiple-choice questions (1-20), each carrying one mark.
Section B consists of long answer questions (21-35), each carrying three marks.
Section B questions should be answered in not more than 50 words.
Section C consists of long answer questions (36-40), each carrying five marks.
Section C questions should be answered in not more than 80 words.


Section A - Multiple Choice Questions (1-20)


1 Which gas is responsible for the greenhouse effect?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen

2 The process of conversion of a solid directly into a gas is called:
a) Condensation
b) Sublimation
c) Evaporation
d) Melting

3 What is the chemical formula of common salt?
a) H2O
b) NaOH
c) NaCl
d) HCl

4 Which of the following is a non-metal?
a) Sodium
b) Oxygen
c) Calcium
d) Iron

5 What is the SI unit of electric current?
a) Volt
b) Ampere
c) Watt
d) Ohm

6 The process by which plants prepare their own food is called:
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Fermentation
d) Digestion

7 Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable energy source?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Fossil fuels
d) Hydroelectric power

8 In a concave mirror, the image formed is:
a) Real and inverted
b) Real and upright
c) Virtual and inverted
d) Virtual and upright

9 The human heart has how many chambers?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

10 What is the main function of the small intestine in the digestive system?
a) Absorption of nutrients
b) Storage of food
c) Mechanical digestion
d) Secretion of enzymes

11 Which gas is responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
d) Nitrogen

12 The process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia is known as:
a) Nitrification
b) Denitrification
c) Ammonification
d) Nitrogen fixation

13 Which planet is known as the "Red Planet"?
a) Venus
b) Earth
c) Mars
d) Jupiter

14 What is the function of the cochlea in the human ear?
a) Balance
b) Hearing
c) Smelling
d) Tasting

15 Which of the following is a vector quantity?
a) Mass
b) Distance
c) Speed
d) Force

16 What is the law of conservation of energy?
a) Energy can be created but not destroyed
b) Energy can be destroyed but not created
c) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred
d) Energy can be created and destroyed freely

17 Which gas is responsible for respiration in human beings?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen

18 Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
a) Methane
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Oxygen
d) Water vapor

19 The process of converting a liquid into a gas is called:
a) Condensation
b) Sublimation
c) Evaporation
d) Melting

20 What is the pH of a neutral solution?
a) 0
b) 7
c) 14
d) 1


Section B - Long Answer Questions (21-35)


21 Explain the process of photosynthesis and its significance in plants.

22 What is the importance of biodiversity and how can it be conserved?

23 Describe the structure and functioning of a concave lens with the help of a diagram.


 24 Explain the functions of the nervous system in the human body.

25 Define and differentiate between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. Give examples of each.


26 Describe the process of digestion in humans, including the role of different organs.


27 How does the circulatory system function in the human body? Explain the role of the heart and blood vessels.


28 Explain the law of reflection and refraction with the help of suitable diagrams.

29 Define and explain Ohm's Law. How is it useful in electrical circuits?

30 Describe the functions of the endocrine system in the human body. Provide examples of hormones and their functions.


31 Discuss the impact of air pollution on the environment and human health. Suggest measures to control air pollution.


32 Explain the role of microorganisms in nitrogen fixation and its importance in agriculture.


33 Describe the process of mitosis and meiosis. Highlight the differences between the two.


34 Discuss the harmful effects of excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture.
 

35 Explain the concept of acceleration and its relationship with velocity and time.


Section C - Long Answer Questions (36-40)

37 A student performs an experiment to study the properties of acids and bases. Describe the experiment, including the materials used and the observations made.


37 Describe the formation and effects of acid rain. What measures can be taken to reduce its impact on the environment?


38 Discuss the environmental impact of deforestation and the importance of afforestation and reforestation.


39 Explain the structure and functions of DNA. Discuss the significance of DNA in heredity and genetic variation.


40 Describe the concept of work and energy in physics. Provide examples to illustrate the principles of work and energy





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